Over-Population Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Over-Population - Term Paper Example Greater part of this populace is in Asian nations. The idea of overpopulation is more extensive than just populace densities. It incorporates the capacity of nature to support a developing populace. The expanding human populace applies part of weight on the accessible assets to degree that the conveying limit might be outperformed. The consequences for the earth might be combined with different impacts such a worldwide temperature alteration and by and large environmental change. Overpopulation would happen when the human populace will surpass the earth’s assets. With the present decreases in kid death rates, better clinical consideration and great life present in certain pieces of the world odds of the earth turning out to be overpopulated are high. Nonetheless, the issues of overpopulation are increasingly basic in the creating scene contrasted with created countries because of richness rates. It is the duty and job of everybody on the planet to help diminish populace develo pment. There are various assessments clarifying the patterns and impacts of worldwide human populace development. Malthus populace development hypothesis depended on the idea of conveying limit. The forecast was that the human populace was developing at a high rate corresponding to the accessible assets to support the populace. The aftereffect of such populace development was that there will times when the assets won't have the option to continue the human populace which, will in the end crash. Such way of thinking and different feelings by new-Malthusian accept that there are despite everything odds of a populace crash activated by different ecological factors, for example, environmental change. The â€Å"Malthusian† hypothesis is one of the notable and most condemned speculations clarifying the connection between human populace development and the earth. The hypothesis stresses on the way that as the populace develops individuals will use all the assets to the degree that there will be craving, starvation and natural debasement. Be that as it may, numerous

Assessing the Impact of Macroeconomic Policies on the Economy Essays

Evaluating the Impact of Macroeconomic Policies on the Economy Essays Evaluating the Impact of Macroeconomic Policies on the Economy Essay Evaluating the Impact of Macroeconomic Policies on the Economy Essay Branch of modern relations and open organization Lagos state college, Ojo, Nigeria.. Dynamic The system of banking division changes prompting recapitalization and combination in Nigeria and the resulting merger or potentially procurement of existing banks into twenty five (25) by 2005, and later eighteen (18) by 2012 brought along their path chaperon work issues regarding instructive assorted variety, professional stability and profitability, conventional business questions.The study survey post union execution of the financial area to evaluate the degree to which the part meets solidification target utilizing post improvement approach. It was discovered that while the collusion and marriage of apparently good accomplices are settling down, the general public is forced to bear the severance of work and the growth of the pool of held armed force of the jobless. The drop out hence is twofold edge for the economy and the general public. Catchphrases: Labor changes, recapitalization, sol idification and post improvement 1. 0Introduction Private and open organizations are consistently being tested by execution. Execution achievement is negligible estimated on the lists of what Alos (2006) indexed as: what the client needs and qualities, reaction to natural changes and effect on the nature of the individuals. The issue of execution adequacy or reengineering association has distracted the brains of association experts, specialists and watchers since 1990s. Thusly, everywhere throughout the world, numerous economies had completed different changes to guarantee viability of the 166 European Scientific JournalMay version vol. 8, No. 9 ISSN: 1857 †7881 (Print) e ISSN 1857-7431 genuine areas. The presentation insurgency began in the private part. Its belongings spread to the open segment affected by thoughts from open administration school. Nigeria as a country isn't forgotten about in this change transformation to guarantee personal satisfaction for its populace. Lawf ul and institutional structures were set up to re-engineer the economy and the exhibition estimations of the genuine areas. The blue print of the present changes plan is set out in the National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS) document.Some of the changes incorporate (1)power area change; (2) ports changes intended to guarantee auspicious freeing from merchandise inside forty eight hours (3) deregulation of oil and gas sub-segment to prevent lasting fuel shortage; (4) deregulation in the media transmission industry to lessen government interest, make work and trade (5) the financial sub-part/recapitalization/solidification to make it assume its legitimate job as the prevailing segment of the economy in driving development and advancement in other segment. The present financial part changes inscribed as recapitalization approach was given out on Tuesday July 6, 2004.Capitalization is setting the capital base whereupon a player can set up and be authorized to work banking capacities. It is setting a capital base which was given as twenty five billion naira (N25b) as at 2005. The previous capital base was two billion Naira (N2b), which numerous banks couldn't bear. In Nigeria, exact examinations had been completed on the connection between banking changes and financial development (Balogun, 2007, Fadare, 2010); solidification and large scale monetary execution (see Somoye, 2008); union and selection of e-banking (Ayo, Adewoye and Oni 2010; Chimeke, Evwiekpaefe, and Chete, 2006).The ramifications of banking changes on work has hardly been explored. The principle target of this investigation is to audit the financial area changes 2004 †2011 and the degree to which the goals set are met and furthermore, the ramifications of the changes on work as respects business: security, OK business, employees’ fulfillment and the results of these factors for the general public. 2. 0 Literature Review and Theoretical Framework Consolidation basic ally intends to expand on or improve to the degree of solidness Adeyemi (2007) considers it to speak to the possibility of venture and the meeting up of firms or undertakings as a solitary entity.In the financial part of Nigeria the substance of banking union 167 European Scientific Journal May release vol. 8, No. 9 ISSN: 1857 †7881 (Print) e ISSN 1857-7431 is to reposition the countries banking industry for worldwide seriousness and furthermore to guarantee a solid and dependable financial area that will ensure the security of the depositors’ cash. Union as a methods for lessening over limit is suspicious (Somoye 2008).The adequacy of banking division union as a solution for money related solidness and in amending the imperfections in the monetary segment for feasible advancement had not been certified by comparative exercise in Europe, America and Asia in the most recent decade (Somoye, 2008). Or maybe, emergencies and disappointments as delineated by credit emergencie s and transoceanic home loan budgetary unrest ejected which, in Nigeria, truly influenced put away cash esteems explicitly, stock values.Rather than rebuilding prompting decrease in over limit as showed by union defenders, an improvement procedure that would suit the assets accessible and extend them is upheld by inside initiated solidification theological rationalists. The financial sub-segment in Nigeria saw sharp drop in credit rate to the genuine division which influenced return on shareholders’ finance (Adeyemi, 2007). Credit went more to outside trade as opposed to the genuine divisions. The limit of genuine segment to produce business weakened.The access of little and medium ventures (SMES) and the casual segments to credit additionally dwindled (Somoye, 2008; NDIC, 2008; CBN, 2008). Organizing to the financial analysts is adjusting to the requests of progressively worldwide markets for more prominent efficiencies. Humanist consistently see the social effect, explicitl y the social issues induced by externalities which brings about social interruption particularly the negative impacts on level of employer stability, responsibility, mental prosperity and turnover intentions.The impact of these on association productivity, in opposition to reformist hypothesis might be negative. Matanmi (2005) saw a yawning hole between the quick or transient impacts of financial changes and the fundamental standards of employer stability. He inferred that the capacity of changes to make work over the most recent multi decade had been not many and far between. Adeyemi (2007) additionally concurred that financial changes in Nigeria brought about employment misfortune, difference level of pay and compensation bundle for various blending gatherings and board room quarrels among coteries of the combining banks. . 1 Theoretical Framework Post improvement approach is a response to the dilema of advancement. Rather than wealth, talk and methodologies of improvement produce its inverse: underdevelopment and 168 European Scientific Journal May version vol. 8, No. 9 ISSN: 1857 †7881 (Print) e ISSN 1857-7431 impoverishment, untold misuse and suppression. (Sidaway 2008). The post improvement theological rationalist case that change realized by innovation or driven by the west would constantly meet with bafflement with respect to the individuals of creating nations. 2. 2Banking Sector Reforms in Nigeria Banking activities started in 1892 possessed chiefly by exiles (Somoye, 2008). They remained anyway unregulated until 1952 (Fadare, 2010). There were developments with indigenous possession by 1950s. In any case, a considerable lot of the banks flopped somewhere in the range of 1947 and 1952. The principal guideline of banks was set up by Banking Ordinance of 1952. This was incapable as there was no Central Bank until 1958 to do overseeing or control measures. Bank proprietorship structure moved by 1970s with indigenization order. This permits progress ively Nigerian interest in the banking industry.The Nigerian ventures advancement Decree (NEPD) limits outside responsibility for organizations to 60% in 1972 and 40% in 1976. The 1990’s change took into account 100% individual possession which was a move from existing 10% for singular proprietorship and 30% for corporate proprietorship. This prompted the expansion of banks. Banking sub area recapitalization approach was given out on Tuesday, July 6, 2004. Capitalization is setting the capital base whereupon a player can set up and be authorized to work banking capacities. Recapitalization is setting another capital base.The pith is to unite the area to upgrade intensity and ability to assume significant job of financing speculation (Somoye, 2008). Union which may bring about increment in bank size through merger and procurement has the capability of expanding bank returns through increment income and cost effectiveness gains. It might likewise decrease industry chances throu gh the disposals of powerless banks and make better broadening chances (Furlong, 1998). Recapitalization arrangements set twenty five billion Naira (N25b) as the new least capital base for banks working in Nigeria.The previous capital base was two billion naira (N2b) and numerous banks couldn't meet this. The goal of recapitalization is caught in the legislative head of Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Charles Soludos words in this way the financial change is to: (1) reposition the countries banking industry for worldwide intensity; (2) guarantee a solid and dependable financial part that will ensure the wellbeing of the contributors cash; (3) assume dynamic improvement job in the nations’ economy; 169 European Scientific Journal May version vol. 8, No. 9 ISSN: 1857 †7881 (Print) ISSN 1857-7431 (4) (5) make the banks less subject to open division subsidize, and be fit for financing the genuine segment (New Age Apri17, 2005). A period

MBA Applicants There’s No Time Like the Present!

You’ve been putting a plan together for a while now – researching business schools, taking the GMAT, reviewing your transcript, thinking about recommenders – and now is the time to put that plan into action. Top business schools are extremely competitive, with acceptance rates ranging from 5%-20%. Since you are probably already familiar with how statistics work (and if you’re not, you will be your first semester of business school!), then you probably already know this: the earlier in the admissions cycle you apply, the greater your chance of admission. Business schools are now releasing their applications for the 2019-2020 season, so there is no time like the present to begin the process of applying. By starting early, and working with an Accepted consultant, you’ll be giving yourself the gift of time and expertise we bring to the table, so to help you get started, from June 13-20 we’re offering a 10% discount on all our non-rush MBA Admissions Consulting Services when you use the code GETSTARTED at checkout. Get started on your MBA application with us today and increase your chances of acceptance! Note: The coupon can’t be combined with another offer, is for non-rush orders only, and can be used one time only. For 25 years, Accepted has helped business school applicants gain acceptance to top programs. Our outstanding team of MBA admissions consultants features former business school admissions directors and professional writers who have guided our clients to admission at top MBA, EMBA, and other graduate business programs worldwide including Harvard, Stanford, Wharton, Booth, INSEAD, London Business School, and many more.  Want an MBA admissions expert  to help you get Accepted? Click here to get in touch! MBA Applicants There’s No Time Like the Present! You’ve been putting a plan together for a while now – researching business schools, taking the GMAT, reviewing your transcript, thinking about recommenders – and now is the time to put that plan into action. Top business schools are extremely competitive, with acceptance rates ranging from 5%-20%. Since you are probably already familiar with how statistics work (and if you’re not, you will be your first semester of business school!), then you probably already know this: the earlier in the admissions cycle you apply, the greater your chance of admission. Business schools are now releasing their applications for the 2019-2020 season, so there is no time like the present to begin the process of applying. By starting early, and working with an Accepted consultant, you’ll be giving yourself the gift of time and expertise we bring to the table, so to help you get started, from June 13-20 we’re offering a 10% discount on all our non-rush MBA Admissions Consulting Services when you use the code GETSTARTED at checkout. Get started on your MBA application with us today and increase your chances of acceptance! Note: The coupon can’t be combined with another offer, is for non-rush orders only, and can be used one time only. For 25 years, Accepted has helped business school applicants gain acceptance to top programs. Our outstanding team of MBA admissions consultants features former business school admissions directors and professional writers who have guided our clients to admission at top MBA, EMBA, and other graduate business programs worldwide including Harvard, Stanford, Wharton, Booth, INSEAD, London Business School, and many more.  Want an MBA admissions expert  to help you get Accepted? Click here to get in touch!

Playwright Berthold Brecht Life, Work, and Political Views

One of the most provocative and famous playwrights of the 20th-century, Berthold Brecht, wrote popular plays like Mother Courage and Her Children and Three Penny Opera. Brecht has been a great influence on modern theater and his plays continue to address societal concerns. Who was Berthold Brecht? Playwright Eugene Berthold Brecht (also known as Bertolt Brecht) was deeply influenced by Charlie Chaplin and  Karl Marx.  This strange combination of inspiration produced Brecht’s twisted sense of humor as well as the political beliefs within his plays. Brecht  was born on February 10th, 1898 and died on  August 14th, 1956. Aside from his dramatic work, Berthold Brecht also wrote poetry, essays, and shorts stories.  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹ Brechts Life and Political Views Brecht was raised in a middle-class family in Germany, although he often fabricated stories of an impoverished childhood. As a young man, he was attracted to fellow artists, actors, cabaret musicians, and clowns. As he began to write plays of his own, he discovered that the theater was the perfect forum to express social and political criticism. Brecht developed a style known as â€Å"Epic Theatre.† In this medium, actors did not strive to make their characters realistic. Instead, each character represented a different side of an argument. Brecht’s â€Å"Epic Theatre† presented multiple viewpoints and then let the audience decide for themselves. Does this mean Brecht didn’t play favorites? Certainly not. His dramatic works blatantly condemn fascism, but they also endorse communism as an acceptable form of government. His political views developed from his life experiences. Brecht fled Nazi Germany before the onset of World War II. After the war, he willingly moved to Soviet-occupied East Germany and became a proponent of the communist regime. Brecht’s Major Plays Brechts most acclaimed work is Mother Courage and Her Children (1941). Although set in the 1600s, the play is relevant to contemporary society. It is often regarded as one of the finest anti-war plays. Not surprisingly, Mother Courage and Her Children has frequently been revived in recent years. Many colleges and professional theaters have produced the show, perhaps to express their views on modern-day warfare. Brechts most famous musical collaboration is Three Penny Opera. The work was adapted from John Gay’s The Beggar’s Opera, a successful 18th-century â€Å"ballad opera.† Brecht and composer Kurt Weill filled the show with humorous scoundrels, riveting songs (including the popular Mack the Knife), and scathing social satire. The play’s most renowned line  is: Who is the bigger criminal: he who robs a bank or he who founds one? Brechts Other Influential Plays Most of Brechts best-known work was created between the late 1920s and mid-1940s though he wrote a total of 31 plays that were produced. The first was Drums in the Night (1922) and the last was Saint Joan of the Stockyards which did not appear on the stage until  1959, three years after his death. Among the long list of Brecht plays, four stand out: Drums in the Night (1922):  Part romance, part political drama, the play is set during a violent worker’s revolt in 1918 Germany.Edward II (1924):  Brecht loosely adapted this regal drama from the 16th-century playwright, Christopher Marlowe.Saint Joan of the Stockyards (1959): Set in Chicago (and written shortly after the Stock Market Crash) this 20th-century Joan of Arc battles cruel-hearted industrialists only to be martyred like her historical namesake.Fear and Misery of the Third Reich (1938): Brecht’s most overtly anti-fascist play analyzes the insidious way the Nazis came into power. Complete List of Brechts Plays If you are interested in more of Brechts plays, heres a list of every play produced from his work. They are listed by the date that they first appeared in the theater. Drums in the Night  (1922)Baal  (1923)In the Jungle of the Cities  (1923)Edward II  (1924)The Elephant Calf  (1925)Man Equals Man  (1926)The Threepenny Opera  (1928)Happy End  (1929)Lindberghs Flight  (1929)He Who Says Yes  (1929)Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny  (1930)He Who Says No  (1930)The Measures Taken  (1930)The Mother  (1932)The Seven Deadly Sins  (1933)The Roundheads and the Peakheads  (1936)The Exception and the Rule  (1936)Fear and Misery of the Third Reich  (1938)Seà ±ora Carraras Rifles  (1937)The Trial of Lucullus  (1939)Mother Courage and Her Children  (1941)Mr. Puntila and His Man Matti  (1941)Life of Galileo  (1943)The Good Person of Sezuan  (1943)Schweik in the Second World War  (1944)The Visions of Simone Machard  (1944)The Caucasian Chalk Circle  (1945)The Days of the Commune  (1949)The Tutor  (1950)The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui  (1958)Saint Joan of the Stockyards  (1959)

Security And Integrity Of Electronic Health Records

Ethical Dilemma Paper: Security and Integrity of Electronic Health Records According to Ethical Dimensions in the Health Professions, â€Å"an electronic health record (EHR) is an electronic record of patient health information†¦information about the patient that is true and is relevant to his or her health care ought to be recorded there. At the same time, harm can be done if faulty, erroneous, speculative, or vague information is included because it can be duplicated and spread to several locations in both paper and electronic medical records.† (Purtilo, 2011) Due to advancements in technology, the hospital healthcare system (including Preventative, Secondary, Tertiary, Respite, Restorative and Continuing) cannot function without EHRs. To†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"One of the challenges facing the United States national adoption of electronic medical records is ensuring the privacy of electronically accessed information. It is essential that both patients and a variety of health pro fessionals participate in these policy discussions so that important ethical issues can be contemplated and decisions regarding health record databases and their approved usage can be articulated nationally and globally.† (Purtilo, 2011) According to Management Issue 9: Integrity and Security of Health Information Systems and Data, the Officer of Inspector General (OIG) performed a series of audits, it was discovered that some hospitals were deficient in security features allowing patients medical records to become vulnerable through unsecure wireless access, inadequate encryption, and authentication failures. (OIG, 2015) Some moral issues that were raised are the misuse of an EHR system and how it has a significant impact on the organizations strategic plan. As previously studied, according to the Balanced Scorecard Institute, a strategic plan is a document used to communicate with the organization the goals, the actions needed to achieve those goals, and all of the other critical elements developed during the planning exercise. To that end, disrupting

Assumptions for Imagine Surveyors- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theAssumptions for Imagine Surveyors. Answer: Assumptions for Business Case The assumptions in a business case are considered to the various activities and criteria that are considered to be true throughout the project. The assumption for the business process allowed in determining the accurate requirements of the proposed and required process in the organization. In this assignment, Indagine Surveyors have showed their interest for modifying and changing the review process traditionally followed. The assumptions on the Indagine Surveyors business case are developed based on the information regarding the current process that are being followed and the proposed To-Be process for improving the business efficiencies. The assumptions considered for developing the business report of the Indagine Surveyors are as follows: The traditional process followed by Indagine Surveyors is frustrating and slow; In the traditional process, the clients have no idea about the highway and health review prior to the approval of the engineering review; The clients are willing to submit their permit process at Indagine Surveyors; The proposed simultaneous health, highway and engineering review will not deteriorate the review process; The clients will provide their e-mail to the Indagine solutions while requesting for reviewing the permit; The engineering, highway and health review are not dependent on one another and can be independently and simultaneously carried out; The scanned softcopy for the review process will not improvise the quality and standard of the review; The Indagine Surveyors are willing to invest and change the review process followed in the organization; All the review department have their own e-mail ids and can access them; Bibliography Bergeron, S. and Healy, S., 2015. Beyond the business case: A community economies approach to gender, development and social economy.Social and solidarity economy: Beyond the Fringe, pp.72-85. Hahn, T., Preuss, L., Pinkse, J. and Figge, F., 2014. Cognitive frames in corporate sustainability: Managerial sensemaking with paradoxical and business case frames.Academy of Management Review,39(4), pp.463-487.

The Realistic Hero Essays - English-language Films,

The Realistic Hero Tom Sawyer, the main character of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, written by Mark Twain, is an average boy who is bored with his civilized life and escapes these constraints by pulling pranks, and pulling other mischievous things. The character of Tom, in the most part, is presented as a realistic and convincing boy. He is kind and loving, but also cruel, stupid, and hypocritical of others at times, as well as, he shows maturation throught the story. The story of Tom Sawyer,as well as being about a realistic character, is a story that is intrusive to adults and children. Tom is shown throughout the story as a typical boy of his time and place. He has a loving, happy home, with his devoted Aunt Polly to care for him. He is mostly restricted by his home routine of prayers, meals, chores, bedtime, and things like that, but when his routine life gets to dull, he has the nearby river and woods, where he can go to escape. Though Tom is not " the model boy" of the village, he even hates the "model boy." He plays boyish pranks on Aunt Polly, Sid, his friends, and everyone in town. He steals, lies, plays hooky, fights, and goes swimming secretly, but he is a normal boy and this is what normal boys do at his age. Tom is a clever, imaginative boy who has a good knowledge about human nature and knows how to use it. He continually outwits his Aunt Polly, and also persuades other boys to do his work for him without them even knowing of his trickery. One example of this is in the whitewashing scene, when his Aunt Polly makes him whitewash the outside fence before he is allowed to play. He slyly conviences the first boy by saying "...I don't see why oughtn't like it. Does a boy get a chance to whitewash a fence everyday?" (21) With this cunning use of words he manipulates the boy to whitewash the fence, which leads to others also joining in to help. In the end, Tom has made a tidy profit as well as got the whitewashing done without actually doing it. As well as Tom being known as a strong boy, he also has fears. He is afraid, at various times in the book, of being harmed by Injun Joe, starving to death with Becky in the cave, of witchcraft, and of death during the thunderstorm when he is ill with the measles. Some of his fears are based on real dangers, such as with Injun Joe. Others are just simply fears in his mind. Partly by luck and partly by using his mind and courage, Tom is able to eventually triumph over his fears. Tom , who is usually a spirited guy, sometimes goes off by himself to be alone and think about his death. Ususally these dark moods only last a very short time, then he is back to his rowdy self. For example, after being rejected by Becky, he goes off into his comforting woods and thinks about ways to get back at her, and even thinks about running away. Though he gets into these moods occasionally, a quick visit from his friends he totally forgets his depressed mood, and resorts back to his spirited self. Although Tom likes to rebel against society and its restrictions, he is basically respectable. He is the nephew of a woman who is the soul of suitability and who is instilled him with these values. When Tom calculates his pranks and adventures in term's of society's reactions. At the end of the story, he even persuades his best friend Huck, who is an outcast in the town, to become "respectable" by telling him "Well, everybody does that way, Huck." (243) Tom also conviences Huck to "be respectable" by telling him he won't let him join his robber gang " if you ain't respectable." Also another aspect of Tom that is realistic is how he grows throught the story. Tom starts out acting childish and irresponsible and ends up acting more mature and responsible. The story of Muff Potter begins with Tom and Huck going to a graveyard to try

Frankenstein-main themes essays

Frankenstein-main themes essays In her novel Frankenstein, Mary Shelley explores a wide range of themes concerning human nature through the thoughts and actions of two main characters and a host of others. Two themes are at the heart of the story, the most important being creation, but emphasis is also placed on alienation from society. These two themes are relevant even in todays society as technology brings us ever closer to Frankensteins fictional achievement. First, lets examine the alienation from society suffered by Frankensteins monster. The cause of his ostracism was his horrific physical appearance. It was so bad that people would not even allow him the chance to speak or get to know the person behind the hideous face. Shelley is criticizing the importance appearance plays in defining our roles as members of society. The monster knows all too well how people will receive him and so tries to appeal to a blind man, the only type of person who could be dependent on him. Sadly for the wretch, the blind man had others on whom he could depend as well, and upon seeing him caused a stir. His one chance at gaining acceptance thus ruined. This causes his anti-social behavior, a problem we deal with presently. Alienation from society causes violent lashings out at the world that rejected him. We have seen this recently with the school shooting at Columbine. The two boys responsible for the bloodshed claimed that their motive was the daily ostracism they had to endure from other students. So too was this the torturous daily routine for the Shelleys monster. And when Frankenstein rejected him, he sought to make Victor an empathizer by killing those whom he loved. Perhaps less than revenge, the monster only wanted someone to know what it is like to be alone and denied love. This brings us the theme of creation, which really contains smaller sub-themes. There is the relationship between the creator and...

Response to Monets Water Lillies Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Response to Monets Water Lillies - Thesis Example This commentary note is a series of reflections and important aspects of Clark’s experiences as he viewed two works by Poussin and wrote on his insight through these viewings, and on my own art-making, First, I discuss what insight the current body of literature concerning Monet’s Water lilies series can offer to a discussion of the work. Second, I examine the work through the perspectives presented in The Sight of Death and Art and its Objects. Third, I explore future research and lesson developments. Finally, I considered my reflections as they impact my future scholarship and art-making. While there are a host of famed artworks that grace the walls and spaces of the world’s great cultural centers and museums, few have gotten the attention of the public like those of the impressionists, particularly the works of Claude Monet (1840-1926). In fact, one of the highest prices paid for a single work of art was invested in one of his Water Lilies (1920-1926) series, which sold in 2008 for over $70 million. The interest in this series of paintings continues today, as seen by the public and critical response to the Monet’s Water Lilies exhibition held in New York City at the Museum of Modern Art from September 13, 2009 until April 12, 2010. The in-person access to artworks of this stature gives an opportunity for critique and interpretation from many viewpoints. It was in this spirit that Dr. Baldacchino granted permission for me to use my personal notes from several visits during this showing period in order to offer my interpretation of Water Lilies through a novel lens. Water Lilies In-class Presentation November 2010, Monet’s Water Lilies series is astounding in person. Its size is monumental, its colors are overwhelming, and its brushwork is beautiful. Upon my initial viewings, several key aspects of the work became apparent to me. First the monumental perspective of the three paintings seemed interesting to me because it stand s in contrast to many of the landscape paintings of the same time period. Second the brush strokes used by Monet in these works seemed expressive and natural, specifically in the water reflections and surroundings areas. Lastly, Monet’s unique style of brush stroke intrigued me. The Water lily triptych has a strong drawing quality about it that is also noticeable in many of Monet’s other artworks. He draws nature’s movement with his brush strokes rather than painting them. As a viewer felt, this technique gave me the effect of feeling closer to nature, as if having been face to face with elements of nature facing back at me. This water lily triptych created a romantic and natural atmosphere that caused me to become aware of the natural environment that I live in and appreciate this further. Considering Monet as naturalistic opens up a larger idea. As Temkin and Lawrence explain, â€Å"Artist’s ambition to create a panorama that enveloped the viewer, an e nvironment that in today’s parlance would be called an â€Å"installation†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Temkin&Lawrence, p.9). As the High Museum states, these installations were sometimes large in size. â€Å"Monet created 250 different water lily paintings and 19 were large panels† (High Museum, 2009). The unique way he wanted to view these triptych paintings in the gallery space was interesting to me. As always, there is no indication of the horizon or pond’s edge, but here the viewer is treated to an exceptionally harmonious expanse of painted reverie. Softly flowing passages of cloud reflections, overhanging foliage, lily pads, and water share the space without dramatic incident (Temkin& Lawrence, p.34). The Water lilies panel caused two things to

Report based on group discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Report based on group discussion - Essay Example BASF has an employee base of 112,000 employees who have helped the company post a strong revenue growth; in 2013 the company’s turnover was â‚ ¬74.0 billion and a profit of â‚ ¬7.2 billion (BASF). BASF like other companies in the chemical industry represent an important sector in every economy, in our case Germany. At the same time, the industry represents one of the greatest environmental costs and is a clear threat if no mitigating factors are enforced. The chemical industry is also interlinked with other sectors in the economy considering that only about 13 percent of the total production leaves the plant as finished products (Esty & Simmons, 2011.p.15). In regard to the environment, chemical production utilizes the environment to source for materials with much greater intensity than any other sector. At the same time, these companies use the environment as a medium for production, storage, transport, and disposal of resulting products. Almost every stage of the production process in chemical companies represents a threat to the environment. However, this should not be the case as there are ways and means to curtail these threats without affecting the company’s prof itability. In studying BASF, we examine ways through which the company can sustainably fashion its production process and products to achieve eco-efficiency. Eco-efficiency in this case not only represents green processing but a means to improve the company’s financial standing. In setting up a win-win strategy, BASF will have to address the major processes especially those with the highest impact on the environment. In this section, we look at the foremost changes that would help achieve eco-efficiency with greater emphasis on the manufacturing processes. The first step is to research and put up alternate means of supplying energy to the manufacturing process. At present, there are several ways through which energy for manufacturing

My Strengths and Weakness of each of the Domains of The Framework for Essay

My Strengths and Weakness of each of the Domains of The Framework for Teaching - Essay Example I need to do self- assessment. I need to improve the way I do teaching. The Domains of the Framework for Teaching, I realized, is the thing needed to be done in order to address our aspiration to be good teachers. Domain 1: Planning and Preparation This is the foremost thing I do when teaching. I consider this as the springboard to teaching. My strength in this area is the â€Å"knowledge of content and pedagogy.† I studied my concentration for many years. My interest is encompassing when it comes to my adored area of study. And I enjoyed teaching the content to my students. My knowledge in pedagogy complements well the teaching and learning process. All in all, this is my cup of tea. My weakness, though, is â€Å"demonstrating knowledge of students.† I find it a hard time to individually identify my students’ strengths, weaknesses and intelligences. There are instances when I sense a divide between my expectations and students’ actual capabilities. I also find it hard to customize my instruction to suit their background knowledge and readiness. To demonstrate well the knowledge of students is my desire. I realized that if only I can do it, teaching can be more exciting and rewarding. I have to have knowledge of my students’ personality. I should do efforts to recognize them more. I can do this by analyzing and discovering their backgrounds and abilities through student-centered strategies in teaching. I should exhibit care and concern to their ideas and opinions. My students and I should open up channels of communication where the students can freely ask guidance and comfort. I can start doing efforts to know my students immediately. I will regularly include this in my day-to-day life as a

Kant and Moral Values Essay -- Philosophy Essays Papers

Kant says that moral values are ‘good without qualification.’ This assertion and similar remarks of Plato can be understood in terms of a return to moral data themselves in the following ways: 1. Moral values are objectively good and not relative to our judgments; 2. Moral goodness is intrinsic goodness grounded in the nature of acts and independent of our subjective satisfaction; 3. Moral goodness expresses in an essentially new and higher sense of the idea of value as such; 4. Moral Goodness cannot be abused like intellectual, aesthetic, temperamental and other values; 5. Moral values are good in that they never must be sacrificed for any other value, because they are incomparably higher and should absolutely and ‘first’ be sought for; 6. Moral goodness makes the person as such good; 7. All three different modes of participation in moral values are linked to the absolute, most ‘necessary’ and highest good for the person; 8. Moral Values are go ods "in the unrestricted sense" by being pure perfections in the sense that "neither in this world nor outside it" can we find anything that could be called good unqualifiedly except moral goodness which is absolutely better to possess than not to possess. 9. Moral Values are unconditionally good because they are never just ‘means’ towards ends. 10. Moral values imply a new type of ought which elucidates the ‘absolute sense’ in which they are good. Conclusion: These distinctions allow a better grasp of Kant and Plato as well as of a central ethical truth decisive for the moral education of humankind. Kant calls moral values the only values that are ‘good without qualification,’ and thereby states something very profound about morality. Let us read his great text in which he expresses ma... ...1961. S. 58-84. (8) See John Finnis, Fundamentals of Ethics (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1983); see also the same author, Natural Law and Natural Rights (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980). (9) See on this Anselm von Canterbury. Monologion, ch. 15. See also Josef Seifert, Essere e persona. Verso una fondazione fenomenologica di una metafisica classica e personalistica. (Milano: Vita e Pensiero, 1989), ch. 5. (10) Also in Anselm the deepest meaning of ‘maius’ is a moral one. Compare my Gott als Gottesbeweis (Heidelberg: Università ¤tsverlag C. Winter, 1996), ch. 11. (11) See on this Ethics, 2nd edn (Chicago: Franciscan Herald Press, 1978), ch. 17-18; Josef Seifert, Josef Seifert, Essere e persona, cit., ch. 9. (12) On a sevenfold motivation of moral acts see Josef Seifert, Was ist und was motiviert eine sittliche Handlung? (Salzburg: Univ.Verlag A. Pustet, 1976).

Othello by William Shakespeare Essay

Othello by William Shakespeare is a tragic story of envy, hatred and giving trusting to a very iniquitous person. It tells a tale of two people who loved each other despite the fact that they are worlds apart in terms of race, age and experience. Othello was a Moor, and Desdemona was the prettiest woman. Envied by Roderigo and Iago, the latter devised a plan to deceive Othello that his wife is cheating on him with his most trusted lieutenant Cassio. Unfortunately for the main characters, the plan worked and Othello ended up killing his faithful wife. Learning about what a fool he had become, not believing his own wife, Othello killed himself and died in his wife’s embrace. Roderigo was killed by Cassio and Iago was tortured to death. I have chosen to discuss Act V, Scene II of the play Othello, where Othello was convinced his wife was unfaithful and made up his mind to kill her. For him, this was the only honorable thing to do. The first part showed Othello looking at his sleeping wife amidst a flickering candle. He states: It is the cause, it is the cause, my soul,– Let me not name it to you, you chaste stars! — It is the cause. Yet I’ll not shed her blood; Nor scar that whiter skin of hers than snow, And smooth as monumental alabaster. In this speech, Othello is trying to convince himself that it was Desdemona who was at fault that is why killing her must be done. He accuses his wife’s beauty as the cause of her infidelity. And because of this beauty that he will kill her with honor, and not damage any part of her splendor. He is obviously confused, hesitant, trying to make sense of what he is about to do. Yet she must die, else she’ll betray more men. Put out the light, and then put out the light: If I quench thee, thou flaming minister, I can again thy former light restore, When I have pluck’d the rose, I cannot give it vital growth again. It must needs wither: I’ll smell it on the tree. In these lines, Othello has affirmed reasons for him to kill his wife, and convinced himself that by killing her, he is relieving her of her sins, bringing back her purity and innocence, as if being born again. He then kissed his wife and this awakened her. Desdemona, quite feeling there is something wrong, tried to capture her husband’s love once again by inviting him to lay beside her but instead, Othello asked her whether she had already prayed because he does not want to kill an unprepared spirit. When Desdemona appeared confused, Othello told her that is has been proven that she has betrayed him by being with Cassio and that he has the handkerchief that Othello so lovingly gave her. Despite Desdemona’s pleadings of innocence, Othello’s mind has already been poisoned by Iago’s stories, and he killed his wife. This scene, I believe is the umbrella of the whole play. Even though it was not actually stated in Act V, Scene II, it was obvious that Othello was a great man but was blinded by jealousy. And this blindness is a solid proof of Iago’s cunningness in manipulating the different characters. It was also shown here how Desdemona truly loves her husband by admitting suicide and not revealing that it was Othello who killed her. The painting that I have chosen (above) somehow shows the entirety of scene II of Act V. By looking at it, one can clearly see the difference in Othello and Desdemona’s lives. She was almost a goddess, sleeping in her white wedding sheets, and he looks like a confused peasant wearing a suit that is fit for him. There was hesitation, uncertainty and doubt in his eyes. He was holding a dagger evidently implying that he is about to kill her (although this was actually used to kill himself). His pose seems like he was sneaking in to steal a look of his stunning wife. Desdemona on the other hand, looks so peaceful, almost illuminating in just a faint light of a flickering candle. Although the painting pretty much illustrated the scene from the play, it was still lacking of life and dimension. In a third person point of view, it would not be as effective in delivering the message unless the person really knows the story. Therefore, while I consider myself as a visual person, I still much prefer the written form of this particular scene. It is more dramatic and touching to be able to create a scene with your own imagination. A major factor for this choice is that I have always loved reading because it can really take me on a journey where I can be in control. Also, I can have my own interpretation of different chapters in a book or novel whereas in watching a movie to looking at a photograph or painting, you can only interpret up to the limit of what the artist or director. Written literary works can give you limitless possibilities, and that is the challenge I treasure in reading.

Scam of Satyam - 3613 Words

Scandal at Satyam: Truth, Lies and Corporate Governance When terrorists attacked Mumbai last November, the media called it India s 9/11. That tragedy has been succeeded by another that has been dubbed India s Enron. In one of the the biggest frauds in India s corporate history, B. Ramalinga Raju, founder and CEO of Satyam Computers, India s fourth-largest IT services firm, announced on January 7 that his company had been falsifying its accounts for years, overstating revenues and inflating profits by $1 billion. Ironically, Satyam means truth in Sanskrit, but Raju s admission -- accompanied by his resignation -- shows the company had been feeding investors, shareholders, clients and employees a steady diet of asatyam (or†¦show more content†¦Rammohan Rao, the dean of the Indian School of Business in Hyderabad (ISB). Rao had chaired both December 16 board meetings. On January 8, he resigned his position as the ISB dean. In a letter to the ISB community, he explained: Unfortunately, yesterday s shocking revelations, of which I had absolutely no prior knowledge, mean that we are far from seeing the end of the controversy surrounding Satyam Computers. My continued concern and preoccupation with the evolving situation are impacting my role as dean of ISB at a critical time for the school. Given that my term with ISB anyway ends in a few months, I think that this is an appropriate time for me to step down. Resigning as Satyam s chairman and CEO, Raju said in a letter addressed to his board, the stock exchanges and the market regulator Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI) that Satyam s profits were inflated over several years to unmanageable proportions and that it was forced to carry more assets and resources than its real operations justified. He took sole responsibility for those acts. It was like riding a tiger, not knowing how to get off without being eaten, he said. The aborted Maytas acquisition was the last attempt to fill the fictitious assets with real ones. Specifically, Raju acknowledged that Satyam s balance sheet included Rs. 7,136 crore (nearly $1.5 billion) in non-existent cash and bank balances, accrued interest and misstatements. It had alsoShow MoreRelatedProject on Satyam Scam1395 Words   |  6 PagesName: Mr. Hiten S. Panchal Std.: M.M.S. – I Div.: A Roll No.: 643 Sub.: Marketing Applications Practices Project: Satyam Saga SATYAM SAGA Introduction: On 7th January, Wednesday, Satyam Computer Services Chairman B Ramalinga Raju resigns and disappears after confessing to the largest fraud of Rs. 7,136 crore in Indian corporate history. He admitted to committing a gigantic fraud that shook corporate India and the stock markets to the core. In a letter to the board, Raju, 54, unburdenedRead MoreCase Study : The Satyam Scam799 Words   |  4 PagesAishwarya Gokhale The Satyam Scam Studies suggest that there are four basic factors that lead to fraud. First, is the opportunity to commit fraud, second, the incentive to commit fraud, third, the rationalization of the fraudulent act and fourth, the capability to commit the fraud. Satyam Computer Services Limited was a global consulting and IT services company, offering a wide range of solutions, from strategy consulting to implementing IT solutions for customers. Byrraju Ramalinga Raju was theRead MoreFraud As White Collar Crimes1581 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract: We are hearing at least one scam per day on every corners of the globe, these days making scam or fraud is not a big task but the consequences after that are horrible, it effects many individuals lifestyle and even sometimes cost life of human beings Earlier Scams are restricted to some fields but now they are taking place in every field at any incidence of time. Scams are creating a doubt for us whether to believe to business, corporate companies and even our neighbours. TheseRead MoreSatyam Fraud Case1505 Words   |  7 PagesViews on the Satyam fraud case: Before writing this report, I read some articles from The Economic Times, The Times of India, The Hindu and a blog by Shweta Rajpal. In this report, I have tried to figure out what the scam is all about, how it happened, why it was done and the aftermath, exploring corporate governance issues simultaneously. The ‘What’ of the scam: The Satyam scam has been as the Enron scam of India. So one can only imagine the magnitude of wrongdoing and deception. The downfallRead MoreComputer Services Scandal And The Media Scandal Essay1244 Words   |  5 PagesOne day while enjoying Sunday morning, I have been reading a newspaper mean while my focus goes on a major news about Mr.Ramalinga Raju sent to jail and fine imposed 7 Crore on him then I was curious to know about the famous Satyam scam also known as Computer Services  scandal, and   quot;India#39;s Enronquot;(Enron was a US based company which was inflicted with a similar accounting fraud)the news grab by attraction I was eagerly starts reading that news and I was completely shocked afterRead MoreEthics in Accounting1196 Words   |  5 PagesUniversity – New York Accounting for Decision Making, MBA 640 Fall 2011 Required Research Paper Page 1 of 11 Table of Contents Number Content Page Number 1 Introduction 3 2 Ethics in Accounting 4 3 Enron Scandal 6 4 Satyam Scandal 8 5 Conclusion 10 6 References 11 Page 2 of 11 Introduction †¢ What is â€Å"Ethics†? Ethics, also known as moral philosophy, is a branch of philosophy that addresses questions about morality—that is, conceptsRead MoreSatyam : India s Growing Success Essay1041 Words   |  5 PagesSATYAM COMPUTER SCAM Satyam Computer Services Limited was formed in 1987 in Hyderabad (India) by Mr. Ramalinga Raju. The firm began with 20 employees and grew rapidly as a ‘global’ business. It offered IT and business process outsourcing (BPO) services spanning various sectors. Satyam was as an example of â€Å"India’s growing success.† Satyam won numerous awards for innovation, governance, and corporate accountability. From 2003-2008, the company grew measurably. Satyam generated Rs. 25,415.4 millionRead MoreWhy Do Scams Occur in India?968 Words   |  4 Pagestop businessmen, more number of Indians in forbes richest people list, technology, education, strong media, politics on the positive side and when we looking into the worrying part comes big scams, curruption, etc. We are hearing about new scams almost every week these days and interestingly most of these scams are picked up by the media rather than any of our proud investigating agencies or people who are responsible to monitor our financial activities. Billions of dollars are deposited by manyRead MoreThe Structure Of Satyam s Corporate Governance2663 Words   |  11 Pagesmodern corporations. Conversely, for developing country like India, there was a massive accounting fraud in Satyam Computer Services Limited, also known as â€Å"India’s Enron† in 2009 that changed the situation on Indian market, thus the quality of governance has been the significant factor in order to raise money from the capital market. This report discovers how board of directors of Satyam practice their risk corporate governance role. There is relatively investigation into boards and, so far as theRead MoreAnalysis Of Corporate Governance Disclosure Practices Of Listed Companies1000 Words   |  4 Page scompanies without any compulsion from any law. Further Corporate disclosures are important in Indian Context because of the Scams that occurred since liberalization from 1991. For example the Harshad Mehta Scam in 1992(the stock market scandal), Ketan Parekh scam in 2001, Tata Financial Scandal (serious financial irregularities), Satyam Fraud case in 2008-2009, latest 3G scam etc. All these scandals necessitate a need of good corporate governance disclosure principles, rules and regulations. This

A Democratic Government - 986 Words

â€Å"The strongest democracies flourish from frequent and lively debate, but they endure when people of every background and belief find a way to set aside smaller differences in service of a greater purpose† (Obama, 2009). Fellow survivors, I ask you to imagine a year from now and envisage the society you want to be a part of. It has been three weeks since the disaster. Fear and confusion are rampant within the fragments of our society, productivity is at an all time low and our community lacks structure. We now must decide on a political system to lead us and give our society hope and direction. A deliberative democracy will provide us with the greatest opportunity for a successful future. Before we can wholeheartedly submit to a democratic government, it is important for us to first recognise and consider the central complications, which have arisen from this crisis. Our first priority is to help all those who are traumatised and so are unable to think rationally. Without intervention, the otherwise inevitable repercussions, which follow from a traumatic incident, will no doubt lead to cases of suicide, self-harm and substance abuse. The forthcoming shortage of vital resources within our community centre, and the wasting of such resources by those who are acting irrationally, is another issue of equal importance with which we are going to need to provide guidance if we can hope to live within a sustainable society. At the moment we are divided, alienated and wastingShow MoreRelatedThe Democracy Of A Democratic Government849 Words   |  4 PagesA democratic government is one in which the â€Å"supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation† (Merriam-Webster). In theory, a true democracy is one that is governed by the people in the form of â€Å"the rule of the majority†. This is a process that seems to have been naturally embedded in the human mind. In many circumstance, whether it is world leaders deciding on new international policy, or kids choosing what to watch for â€Å"movieRead MoreModern Democratic Governments 920 Words   |  4 Pagesunder democratic governments. Democracy is spreading throughout the world, although growth has slowed, and many nations have drawn their political inspiration from the United States of America, which was one of the first to govern under a constitutional republic in th e modern era. One of the more unique features of our government, which other countries have attempted to adopt, has been that of federalism, which is the political system in which authority is divided among the central government and separateRead MoreHaiti : A Democratic Government970 Words   |  4 Pagescan be implemented, but I chose to go with a country that hits home—that is home. Haiti for many years have been struggling with poverty, political violence, high rate of organized crimes, unstable food resources, epidemics, and an ineffective government. Haiti being the first independent nation of Latin America could’ve been a great start of political success, unfortunately that was not the case. Since gaining independence, Haiti has experienced a pattern of dictatorial rulings and negative forcesRead MoreThe Democratic Government Of Canada1564 Words   |  7 PagesSummary The Liberal Government of Canada has promised the implementation of a new electoral system within the next 18 months according to the second chapter of the document Real Change: A New Plan for a Strong Middle Class. The document seeks to affirm that the 2015 election will be the last federal election held under the first-past-the-post electoral system and that many reform options will be thoroughly explored to replace it. Proportional representation (PR) systems appears to be the most beneficialRead MoreAnalysis Of Platos Democratic Government798 Words   |  4 Pagesof a Democratic government. Plato’s democracy was a governement for the people because all were welcome to participate, if interested. The government’s structure was split into groups including the ekklesia, boule, etc. Today, I am a part of the National Society of Collegiate Scholars (NSCS), and organization here at Temple University. NSCS demonstrates some of the components found in Plato’s democr atic government. This paper will examine the connection between Plato’s Democratic government and theRead MoreDifference Between An Authoritarian Government And Democratic Government1043 Words   |  5 Pagesbetween an Authoritarian government and Democratic government. There are differences between an authoritarian and a democratic government even when the country can maintain a high living standard for the government. A Democratic government is when the system is ruled by the people, the citizen is allowed to form their laws, and the government is serving the people. An Authoritarian government is when the government has complete dictatorship, the laws are set by the government, and the citizen have toRead MoreVoting System Of A Democratic Government1141 Words   |  5 Pagesparts of a democratic government is how the population of the country selects the people that will represent them in the government. The voting system that a country uses has a substantial impact on h ow the government of that country is run, and how well the concerns of the electorate are addressed. There are many important factors to weigh when selecting a voting system, but an efficient voting system needs to consistently address a few key issues. These include producing a government that representsRead MoreThe Difference between Democratic Government and Oligarchy Government833 Words   |  4 PagesDemocratic Government VS Oligarchy Government â€Å"The government is merely a servant -- merely a temporary servant; it cannot be its prerogative to determine what is right and what is wrong, and decide who is a patriot and who isnt. Its function is to obey orders, not originate them.† Mark Twain Democracy and Oligarcy as forms of government have been in existence for a long period of time, both terms first appeared in ancient Greek political and philosophical thought. Both formsRead MoreDemocratic Government: Is It Better? Essay1181 Words   |  5 Pageswhere almost all of the countries, with the exemption of some governments that are still autocratic or socialists comes a common denominator and almost as a measure standard comes democracy. Several authors discuss about whether a democratic government is better than other that is not democratic, or if a country is democratic, functions better than those that are not. Democracy can have a lot of meanings whether a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a stateRead MoreBolivia As A Unitary And A Democratic Government1517 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica. Bolivia is a republic government, and it is comprise of four branches; they are the Executive, Legislative, and Judicial branch which are similar to the United States. Juan Evo Morales is the president and his branch, executive, has majority of the power. Bolivia has a written constitution; its criminal justice system is inspired by civil law tradition, Spanish and Napoleonic code. Bolivia is essentially a unitary system with a highly centralized national government (Central Intelligence Agency

My Experience Is Like A Lifelong Road - 987 Words

In every person’s lifetime, they endure phases of life in all aspects. Going through phases of life is like opening a door to enter a room. When a person goes through any form of entryway, they are entering another area from the one they were in previously. Entering another phase of life is similar in many ways to going through an entryway, as any person can exit an old phase of life and move on to another one. My adventure to UMass Lowell is like a lifelong road, one that has taken various turns throughout my childhood and teenage years, and has come to many stops along my most memorable moments. Like a long roadway, my childhood and adolescent years prior to college have gone through a long cycle of straightaways and turns. I was diagnosed with autism when I was about a year and a half old. Ever since my diagnosis, every new moment of my life has always been something different than the moments that have happened before. Sometimes the road of my life would always stay straig ht when I would develop into a change that would remain constant for a while, and would frequently make turns for an even better or even worse moment of my life whenever it would happen. The path my life’s road would take is dependent on the temporary or permanent changes that would occur in me, whether physically, mentally or socially, as well as all of the defining moments that I have been through over the years, leading up to attending UMass Lowell for the first time. From making new friends toShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Jon Krakauer s Into The Wild1555 Words   |  7 PagesDecember 9, 2014 Life on the Road? In Jon Krakauer’s Into the Wild, A young man named Chris McCandless decides to escape the annoyance of his current life and live on the road, he pursues an incredible journey of adventure, danger and companionship. McCandless is a narcissist and believes that he can overcome any challenges that he faces because he is independent and is smarter than the average person. Krakauer emphasizes that arrogance will lead to failure in life; Just like McCandless believed everythingRead MoreMy Personal And Academic Life904 Words   |  4 PagesFamous professional boxer, Muhammad Ali, once said, â€Å"Float like a butterfly and sting like a bee.† My lifelong ambitions revolve around this central idea of striving and determination. By continuously encountering both positive and negative situations, I have still managed to stay aggressive and strong. This will help me learn that each step I take now and in the future dictates the progress in my life. Society always talks about how one can stay motivated and strive for success throughout life,Read MoreFive -Year Plan Essay1252 Words   |  6 Pages When developing a good five year career plan I had to ask myself where, I wanted to be in five years. This question would be critical for my future. When I was in school in thought, I knew my career path. I was convince I was going to become a nurse. As years past, I found myself moving away from nursing and interested in teaching. However, my transition would not be as smooth as once believed. According to Career vision, (2004), â€Å"for some people, the five year career plan may be a planRead MoreMedical Education : An Ongoing Process With Continuous Professional Development1654 Words   |  7 Pagesa product of schooling but rather of a lifelong attempt to acquire it. Therefore, medical education in the rapidly changing healthcare system is an ongoing process, with continuous professional development. At a given point in a nurse s live, one has to co me face to face with some of challenges that more often help in shaping the way one perceives medicine, thus enhancing our literacy to illnesses, wellness, as well as medicine. I have heard many experiences before that have given me more insightRead MoreMy Teaching Philosophy : My Philosophy Of Education1086 Words   |  5 PagesAs I continue to progress through my teaching journey, I have had the opportunity to do a lot of self-evaluation and dig deeper into what makes a great teacher. Since then there has always been a quote that has stuck with me, stated by Seymour Simon, an award winning children’s science author. â€Å"Im more interested in arousing enthusiasm in kids than in teaching the facts. The facts may change, but that enthusiasm for exploring the world will remain with them the rest of their lives.† I truly believeRead MoreAn Effective Classroom Management Plan Essay1205 Words   |  5 Pagesopportunity to engage in a learning experience which includes both socially acceptable behavior and content core material. The strategies within the proposal allows the teacher to reach the personal, psychological, and learning needs of the student while encouraging positive, productive behavior in order to reach students’ personal goals (Jones Jones, 2013, p. 1). One’s philosophy of classroom management becomes individualized because of the personal experiences and perspective which each instructorRead MoreChildhood Dreams : Why Not?1171 Words   |  5 Pagesinspiration from those innocent memories and mold it into our lifelong ambitions. Therefore, I believe the person who dares to nurture that spirit is the one who will succeed the most. I want to be that person. Inspired by my dream of becoming a culinary fairy since I was a little girl, my professional goal now is to become a general manager of an Asian restaurant when I enter my thirties. My passion for food came from my mother and my grandmother. 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I come from a humble family

Victims Movement Free Essays

Victimology in its most simple form is the study of the victim or victims of a particular offender (Roberson. Wallace, 2011). I feel that the Victims’ Movement has not yet reached its full potential because just like every form of law, legislature or even government there is always ways to improve and to become stronger. We will write a custom essay sample on Victims Movement or any similar topic only for you Order Now Much like when we started to form our government it had so many flaws and it still today has the ability to improve. The problem is that as society changes and crime changes the laws and the system have to change with it in order for things to improve. When it comes to crimes it isn’t just the victim that is affected, everyone involved is affected including the offender and the society. Starting in the 1960’s victims of crime began to volunteer with many different programs to assist other victims, speaking on their behalf and trying to fight for rights and fighting for a voice. Because of these actions we now have programs like Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA) which is an agency that provides funds for law enforcement to establish victim-witness programs (Roberson, Wallace, 2011). The downfall in creating programs like this is the funding, having the money to pay for them. That was exactly the problem in in the 70’s and 80’s, not enough funding to keep them going. This is a problem for a lot of law enforcement and criminal programs. Not to be discouraged the movement just started to move into specialized groups such as National Coalition Against Sexual Assault, and POMC; Parents of Murdered Children. Another one that we hear about a great deal still today is MADD which is Mothers Against Drunk Drivers founded in 1980 by Candy Lightner whose daughter was killed by a drunk driver (Roberson,Wallace,2011). Having these programs can be so helpful to so many people that it is important to have the money to fund them; this can be a problem for those who need it. So what is there for us to do to ensure that they remain available? Are there ways to continue to be effective? I feel that there are ways to ensure that the Victims Movement reaches its absolute full potential and to ensure that nobody goes unnoticed that may need such programs. I feel that it is important to have contingency plans and goals to achieve success. First continue to get the word out, be the voice for the people who may not have their own anymore. With the MADD organization there goal is to â€Å"To aid the victims of crimes performed by individuals driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs, to aid the families of such victims and to increase public awareness of the problem of drinking and drugged driving (MADD. org). † With this organization they have saved nearly 300,000 lives by doing the work they do; by having MADD in all 50 states, 1,200 victims’ advocates in 48 states and 20 volunteer hotlines that help people 24/7 ( MADD. rg). These programs don’t always get money from the government, they often have to raise money, and they are often non-profit organizations, but without them victims may have no other resources. Plan for the future. Having goals to help people, to help the victims and even the families of crimes like drunk driving or sexual assault needs follow through. They need someone to sa y â€Å"OK let’s get together and make a plan, let’s get as many drunk drivers off the road as we can†. It takes a leader to get groups going, to make a difference in so many people’s lives, and it shouldn’t take a tragedy to get people to do something about it. Get as much support as you can. Being a victim doesn’t just happen, these organizations don’t just happen and the Victims Movement can’t thrive on its own. These things need support; they need support from communities, the need support from society and they need support from the government. There are times when we need laws, laws to prevent people from being able to commit the same crime unpunished and able to hurt other people. Law enforcement agencies should be involved as much as possible too within their own communities, providing assistance programs and advocates to support victims or all involved that have their lives forever changed. These are things that can help make the changes we need, the changes we need to continue righting the wrongs and to forever make a difference in the lives of so many people. How to cite Victims Movement, Papers

Nursing Assignment Based on a Case Study

Question: Discuss the Nursing Assignment Based on a Case Study. Answer: Introduction The advancement of the medical science with simultaneous rise in the impacts of globalization in every sphere of life has hugely affected the healthcare service as well. The changes and modifications existing in the healthcare sectors are evident through references available from evidence based practices. The healthcare working community recognizes the importance of a co-operative and well equipped infrastructural setting to impart improved healthcare access to persons in need. Clinicians, medical practitioners, surgeons, specialized physicians, registered and enrolled nurses along with other medical support staff comprise the basic structural organization within a healthcare facility. The role of the nurses are vital in ensuring speedy recovery of the patients through provision of person centered care, suitable therapeutic intervention suited to specific case situations. The duties and responsibilities expected out of practicing nurses are guided by relevant code of ethics, policies and legislations as put forward by the competent authorities. Case study evaluation following definite analytical and reasoning skills might provide an overview into the actual scenario that resulted in repercussions. In view of this fact, a case study as reported in case of a 64 year old male patient named Jon Lee who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery in a hospital and the consecutive events and complications that followed post surgery will be discussed in order to assess and review the situational demands and loopholes in the healthcare service that prompted such consequences. The roles performed by the nurses in this specific case are also scrutinized to understand the limitations and fallacies that underpin the healthcare service. Guidelines for nurses employed in the gastroenterological wards may be considered for examining their practice modalities (Nuutinen and Rannos 2013). The discussion carried hereafter will be based upon the legal, ethical and professional practice issues. The vital issues as detected through insightful analysis revealed three key aspects that culminated in negative health outcome in the concerned patient. Negligence of care, faulty hospital operational policy and lack of culturally safe nursing practice were found to be the prime causative factors. Therefore, the assessment referring to the case study will discuss on the ethical, legal and practice methods for the nursing professional so as to get an overview of the working modalities in a healthcare setting. Negligence of care According to the case study observed for Mr. Lee, certain breach of practice was observed on the part of the registered nurse (RN), Ms. Colleen Price who was assigned to look after him in the night shift at the extended day unit (EDU) of the hospital. Mr. Lee was subjected to a laparoscopic cholecystectomy operation on the same day, when the RN took over his case and therefore demanded undivided attention from the nursing professionals ends to cater to his medical demands. Post operation, Mr. Lee reported of experiencing abdominal pain and distension. In response to the patients concern and routine examination by the attending medical officer (MO) at the hospital via consultation with the authoritarian surgeon prescribed analgesia (10 mg Morphine SC) to be administered on a pro re nata basis 6 hourly to ameliorate the reported symptoms. However, the RN having professional experience of five years was found to not document the administration of any such analgesia during her shift hour s. During her shift timing tenure, RN documented the vital signs of the post operative care patient, Mr. Lee comprising of the note of parameters such as body temperature, pulse count and blood pressure at only one instance. No other follow up of the vital sign variables were documented during the entire night by the RN. Moreover, the RN was found faulty of not seeking any sort of assistance from the Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) when required, located adjacent to the EDU, although the hospital decorum and guidelines provided enough scope to do so. Unfortunately, these breach of conduct and failure to apply experienced nursing knowledge into proper practice as evident in case of Ms. Price to address the conditions of Mr. Lee harbored negative implications and the limitations of the nurse may be identified through the following discussions and analysis. Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA) has developed Code of Ethics for Nurses in Australia that provides uniform guidel ines for the nurses to uphold the fundamental human rights standards and ethical values in their professional practice by virtue of ethical decision making ability. The codes outlines the ethical virtues that are expected out of a nurse and primarily emphasis is laid on valuing quality nursing care for everyone alike, respect and kindness for self as well as others, diversity among people, accessibility to proper nursing and healthcare service, concept of informed decision making, culture of safety within healthcare and nursing facility, ethical maintenance of information ensuring privacy and confidentiality of the data procured and finally valuing a socio-economically and ecologically sustainable surrounding to foster well being and healthy life (NMBA 2007). A nurse attaining a level of expert clinical competency through proper training and acquired knowledge base supported by enough experience and critical decision making skills is bound to work in compliance with the context or t he country where she has been appointed (Grace 2013). The four pillars of bioethics consisting of the vital components of justice, autonomy, non-maleficence and beneficence also enlighten the nursing ethical practice (Butts and rich 2012). Another crucial part of the nursing job that is often overlooked or undermined during practice is that of integrated record keeping and documentation of the patient data conforming to confidentiality, authenticity, durability, accessibility, relevance, completeness and comprehensiveness (Staunton and Chiarella 2012). Need for highly sophisticated and round the clock monitoring specifically for post operative patients have been highlighted in studies to aid in risk assessment and plan future intervention accordingly (Rothrock 2014). Reports suggest following of three basic theories of descriptive, predictive and explanatory types in nursing practice to facilitate good understanding of the patients situations (Parahoo 2014). Breach of conduct in sta ndard practice in terms of not abiding by the Standards 1, 4, 6, 7 and 9 as put forward by the NMBA was observed in the particular case with respect to the RNs attitude towards the patient care (NMBA, 2016). Negligence is normally associated with civil law and criminal prosecution follows in cases where indifference, inattention or failure from the nurses ends towards an obvious risk to injury of the patient are established (Griffith and Tengnah, 2014). Further, knowledge in nursing practice has been interrelated to four key sects such as empirical, aesthetic, personal and ethical that paves the way for reflective service outcomes in clinical setting (Heaton 2014). However, in the referred case study all these ethical and legal issues pertinent to nursing was not stringently complied that might have lead to exacerbation of the patient condition. Faulty Hospital Policy Referring to the cases study of Mr. Lee, it was inferred that the EDU on the day of the happening was not sufficiently equipped in terms of engagements of the healthcare staff in the concerned ward of 12 bed capacity. One RN and another enrolled nurse (EN) only were in charge of the ill patients of variable distress levels and complexities. Thus the patient to healthcare provider ratio was insufficient to meet the workload. The condition of two of the patients out of the total number of 12 patients were found to be quite critical as well when one was continuously vomiting post appendectomy and the other was experiencing urinary retention following Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP). Moreover, a sole female patient admitted in the same ward, possessing certain religious notions and prejudices as well as inadequate English language proficiency added to the complexity of the situation in the EDU on that night when Ms. Price and the other EN was on duty. Yet another drawback in the functioning of the hospital policy was noticed as the PACU RN made futile attempt to check and make contact with the ED nurses for any assistance when the EDU nurses themselves were overburdened with severe work pressure thereby unable to communicate effectively with the PACU nurses over telephonic conversations. Thus telephonic mode of communication was found to be inappropriate in demanding situations. Additionally the patient handover technique during the change of shift for the nurses was detected to be erroneous and unsatisfactory as no evidence supported the smooth transfer of duty from Ms. Price to the morning hour nurse due to lack of awareness regarding the deteriorating health status of Mr. Lee during the immediate phase that preceded the later events. Hence these inherent flaws that affected the reputation of the relevant hospital due to defective operational strategy applicable to the hospital failed to fulfill the immediate requirements and assess the futuristic outcomes of patient named Mr. Lee in his post operative sessions. The limitations, thus identified may be re-examined under legal and organizational operational framework contexts. Bettering the Evaluation and Care of Health (BEACH) program conducted in the Australian domicile aimed to provide insight into the various reliable and valid data collection procedures to cater the ever-changing needs of the diverse patients pertinent to their health states through general physician (GP) and patient interactive encounters, evaluate the patient risk factors and health conditions as well as propagate an ongoing database information for GP-patient encounter. An overall well coordinated and equipped infrastructure is imperative to serve quality service to the sick patients (Britt et al. 2013). Education, clinical experience and competence resulting in endorsement and straightforwardness determine the nurses scope of practice within the Australian region. However the situation of clinical prac tice constrained by jurisdictional and regulatory restrictions are found to hinder the scope of nursing practice to its full capacity (Scanlon et al. 2016). Lack of effective communication among the nursing and associated staff within a hospital facility have been found to impair the teamwork output thereby obstructing the holistic mode of care (Masters 2015). The standards of practice for the nurses in Australia have fore grounded the relationship between the ethical and nature of nursing and the importance of translating evidence into actual practice as per the situational necessity (Cashin et al. 2016). Share of duty and excessive workload are found to impact the patient outcomes declining the quality of service offered to them (Chang and Daly 2015). Extensive literature reviews defined the professional nursing accountability in a comprehensive and reliable manner where the nurses are entitled to perform their assigned jobs in a legally and ethically suitable manner (Krautscheid 2014). Inter-professional collaboration and clinical decision making has been found to potentially enhance through adequate teamwork and exchange of views among colleagues in a healthcare facility (Lapkin, Levett-Jones and Gilligan 2013). The national principles for development of decision making tools as put forwarded by NMBA may be helpful in this regard (NMBA 2010). Thus in view of the facts and information acquired through literatures, books and published articles and referring to the mentioned case study a congenial atmosphere with sufficient provision for all facilities are vital to improved healthcare service in a hospital setting. Lack of culturally safe mode of nursing practice In context to Mr. Lees case, the RN Ms. Price failed to consider the clinical consequences of the deteriorating health condition of the patient evident from the observations obtained via the vital signs that belonged to the yellow zone of clinical implications. Case appropriate decisions were not followed subsequently that lead to further decline in the health condition. Lack of analytical reasoning and inability to predict the futuristic mode of treatment to assess Mr. Lees condition harbored negative implications. Further the night on which the RN and EN were engaged in their respective duties in the EDU indicated acute and stressful situations. Ms. Price was reported to be exhausted to address Mr. Lees situation in addition to other patients demanding circumstances. Thus person centered care was compromised due to severe workload and inadequate supporting staff. Moreover, evidences from the following day after the transfer of duty from the night shift nurses to morning shift nursi ng professional revealed that after documentation of the vital parameters of Mr. Lee that belonged to the red zone, the morning shift nurse failed to immediately assess the gravity of the situation. Approximately after a lapse of 45 minutes a PACE phone call was made to report the debilitating health condition of the patient. Thus this delay in making contact with the appropriate authority to seek medical help and guidance breached the safety standard of professional nursing practice that lead to negative outcomes in the patient. Dearth of competency, lack of professionalism and unstable case related evaluation failed to assess the risk pertaining to ensuing bowel obstruction through increased pain levels. Therefore, paucity of culturally congruent safe practices was found to hinder the patients recovery process in the case of Mr. Lee and the effects may be discussed thoroughly with reference to the various codes of conduct and legal frameworks applicable to healthcare setting. Stud ies emphasize on the investment in evidence based and contemporary education by virtue of a competent, capable and resilient workforce deployment. The roles of coaches and educators are found to be pivotal in imparting knowledge to the nursing practitioners in course of their continuous development process in this regard. Absence of competency may lead to serious errors thwarting the patients health status (Duff 2013). Utilization of just culture principles through case based nursing peer review emphasized on medication reconciliation process, identification of deep tissue injury and bowel management regimes as the recognized educational necessities to address the patients health condition. Screening of surgical patients for opioid tolerance that may be corroborated in the given case study has also been emphasized in relevant studies as well (Jochem, Scott and Stuckman 2015). Handoff functions following verbal as well as sophisticated experimental techniques have been recommended in relevant studies to foster quality healthcare service to patients suitable for medical and surgical settings (Staggers and Blaz 2013). NMBA has proposed national competency standards for registered nurses including certain specific domains to ensure safe and culturally congruent integrated nursing care practice. The domains mentioned considers professional practice, critical thinking and analysis, provision to coordination of care and collaborative, therapeutic practice as the key aspects to maintain professional competency and retain the accountability of the nursing professional in the job (NMBA 2015). Literature review regarding patient-centered care revealed three core themes ensuring patient safety which include patient participation and involvement, the association between patient and healthcare provider, and the situation in which the care is delivered (Kitson et al., 2013). Forecasting the patient outcomes beforehand and taking precautionary measures in accordance with the existing guidelines and policies relevant to the specific patient situation within an ethically and legally sound healthcare infrastructure was thus found to generate positive results in the patients and ensure quicker recovery. Conclusion Drawing evidences from the given case study it was revealed that Ms. Price, the RN on duty in charge of Mr. Lee undergoing post operative care in the hospital EDU was guilty of breaching her sense of responsibilities and professional competency standards due to inappropriate and inadequate code of conduct at various instances. Other issues pertinent to hospital operational policies were found to affect the patients declining health status. Hospital staffing ratio again interrupted the normal functioning of the hospital setting. Lack of culturally safe and acceptable working modality was another crucial factor harming the patient and causing severe distress. All these crucial aspects and nagging problems added to worsening of Mr. Lees condition in the given scenario. In the Australian context, specific codes and guidelines associated to legal and ethical grounds have been improvised and implemented by the NMBA to aid in the nursing practice and foster quality healthcare service to the persons in need. Summarizing the information procured from the published articles and books it is opined that the healthcare professionals particularly the nursing staff who remain in active contact with the patients during their care delivery process must maintain optimum level of competence conforming to the prevalent legislations and ethical codes through enough prudence and pragmatism. Awareness regarding the current and existing laws and practices relevant to nursing practice has also been assigned as pivotal prerequisites to continue professional practice. However, competent authorities should also make effort to arrange for programs and training sessions to impart substantiate knowledge and evidences regarding specific case situations for enhancing the nursing skills among the practicing nursing personnel. In fine, it is suggested that a holistic approach through effective collaboration from all ends of working healthcare personnel be upheld to facilitate quality healthcare service for patients in dire crisis and ensure improved state of living. References: Britt, H., Miller, G.C., Henderson, J., Bayram, C., Valenti, L., Harrison, C., Charles, J., Pan, Y., Zhang, C., Pollack, A.J. and O'Halloran, J., 2013.General Practice Activity in Australia 2012-13: BEACH: Bettering the Evaluation and Care of Health(No. 33). Sydney University Press. Butts, J.B. and Rich, K.L., 2012.Nursing ethics. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Cashin, A., Heartfield, M., Bryce, J., Devey, L., Buckley, T., Cox, D., Kerdo, E., Kelly, J., Thoms, D. and Fisher, M., 2016. Standards for practice for registered nurses in Australia.Collegian. Chang, E. and Daly, J., 2015.Transitions in nursing: preparing for professional practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. Duff, B., 2013. Creating a culture of safety by coaching clinicians to competence.Nurse education today,33(10), pp.1108-1111. Grace, P.J., 2013.Nursing ethics and professional responsibility in advanced practice. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Griffith, R. and Tengnah, C., 2014.Law and professional issues in nursing. Learning Matters. Heaton, L., 2014. Legal aspects of nursing.Kozier Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing Australian Edition,3, p.57. Jochem, K., Scott, C.A. and Stuckman, C.L., 2015. Case-Based Nursing Peer Review Using Just Culture Principles. Kitson, A., Marshall, A., Bassett, K. and Zeitz, K., 2013. What are the core elements of patient?centred care? A narrative review and synthesis of the literature from health policy, medicine and nursing.Journal of advanced nursing,69(1), pp.4-15. Krautscheid, L.C., 2014. Defining professional nursing accountability: A literature review.Journal of Professional Nursing,30(1), pp.43-47. Lapkin, S., Levett-Jones, T. and Gilligan, C., 2013. A systematic review of the effectiveness of interprofessional education in health professional programs.Nurse education today,33(2), pp.90-102. LeMone, P., Burke, K., Dwyer, T., Levett-Jones, T., Moxham, L. and Reid-Searl, K., 2015.Medical-surgical nursing. Pearson Higher Education AU. Masters, K., 2015.Role development in professional nursing practice. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia, 2007. National framework for the development of decision-making tools for nursing and midwifery practice. Retrieved on 15 October 2016 from www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-Statements/Frameworks.aspx Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia, 2010. A nurses guide to professional boundaries. Retrieved on 15 October 2016 from www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-Statements/Professional-standards.aspx Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia, 2015. Supervision guidelines for nursing and midwifery. Retrieved on 15 October 2016 from www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Registration-and-Endorsement/reentry-to-practice.aspx Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia, 2016. Standards for Practice: Enrolled Nurses. Retrieved on 15 October 2016 from www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Nursing-and-Midwifery-Board---Standards-for-Practice---Enrolled-Nurses.PDF Nuutinen, T. and Rannos, S., 2013. Welcome to practise in gastroenterogical wards: An Orientation Guide for Exchange Nursing Students. Parahoo, K., 2014.Nursing research: principles, process and issues. Palgrave Macmillan. Rothrock, J.C., 2014.Alexander's Care of the Patient in Surgery. Elsevier Health Sciences. Scanlon, A., Cashin, A., Bryce, J., Kelly, J.G. and Buckely, T., 2016. The complexities of defining nurse practitioner scope of practice in the Australian context.Collegian,23(1), pp.129-142. Staggers, N. and Blaz, J.W., 2013. Research on nursing handoffs for medical and surgical settings: an integrative review.Journal of Advanced Nursing,69(2), pp.247-262. Staunton, P.J. and Chiarella, M., 2012.Law for nurses and midwives. Elsevier Australia.

Reflection Essay Example

Reflection Essay The purpose of this assignment is to discuss the contribution of reflective practice for clinical nursing. Reflection has been defined as a way for individuals to â€Å"capture their experience, think about it, mull it over and evaluate† (Boud et al 1985: 19) Argyris and Schon (1974) suggest that practitioners often practice at less than effective levels because they follow routine. Johns (1995) implies that action can be taken through reflection to increase effectiveness in practice as reflection provides opportunities for self development as professionals and individuals (Hinchliff et al. 1993). Bishop and Scott (2001) believe Clinical nursing is fundamental to nursing practice, that it provides expertise that are used to bring high quality care to patient’s that is not likely to be provided by a lay person. During this assignment I will discuss Christopher Johns model of structured reflection and Donald Schon’s model of reflection on and in action and his coac hing theory and other methods that contribute to the reflecting process. I will identify how the models then relate to clinical practice and how nursing has changed. Carper (1978) Identified that as individuals have different ways of thinking and knowledge differentiates it is some times helpful to refer to a framework to assist reflection. Johns et al    (2002)    built on Carper’s theory and constructed a model for structured reflection. His model has a series of cue’s that are set out in a logical order which prompt progression of thought and reflecting to be explored. (Johns 2000) This model is used for analysis of critical incidents as well as more general experiences. Over a period of time Johns has continually tested the adequacy of his model and has developed it. Similar to Johns model is The reflective Cycle (Gibbs 1988). This model guides the practitioner through the cycle which encourages the practitioner to describe a situation, analyse their feelings, evaluate experiences, and consider other options and what they would do if the situation arose again. (Palmer et al 1994) Both Johns and Gibbs models are forms of guided reflection. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflection specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Reflection specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Reflection specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This form of reflection helps the reflector to go into more detail and pushes the practitioner to critically evaluate their practice. Bulman and Schutz (2004) acknowledge that critical analysis is a key skill in reflective practice as it allows practitioners to identify strengths as well as weaknesses. This type of reflection is beneficial for clinical nurses as it gives them structure ti their thinking and can guide them through a thoughtful process to achieve higher levels of reflection. Schon built a theory of reflection on and in action. Reflection in action is a process to help you influence what you are working on, while you are working on it. He also strongly believes that when in practice practitioners can learn from the experts around them through the artistry of coaching. Reflection on action is a retrospective process to help you reflect on things you have already done usually involving a critical incident, examining it to find new understanding of the incident and what can be done differently to improve practice. Although Schon considered reflection on action a useful tool for practitioners he concentrated on the theory of Reflection in action. Where education can combine teaching of applied science with coaching to equip professionals with the skills and knowledge within the realities of practice. (Schon 1987). Eraut (1994) criticizes Schons work, as Schon bases a large emphasis on Coaching from professionals. Eraut points out that not all professional practitioners make good coaches as while In action they are transferring expertise with no supporting evidence. Eraut goes on to suggest that that Schons reflection on action is less problematic and that one can extend their knowledge base more effectively by reflecting after an action has occurred. Johns model is more theory based and requires more questions to be self answered and evaluated, where as Schons model has a larger emphasis on learning from the environment and the experts around them through coaching. Nursing has changed over the years from a period where nurses were subordinate to physicians and they weren’t able to have an input of there own concerns. By law and custom nurses are subordinate to physicians. At the same time, it captures the nurse’s critical role in executing the physicians work. † (Melosh, B. 1982, p. 7) As time moved on The United Kingdom Central Council (UKCC) published the document The Scope of Professional practice. Scope allows nurses to undertake new roles and enables them to take on responsibilities beyond the traditional boundaries tha t no longer than 20 years ago, still existed. Clinical nurses now have a more pro active role that enables them to work autonomously giving them higher responsibility. UKCC 2000) (1992). Jowett et al (1999) found that the impact of scope on practitioners was considerable as they were now exploring the principals of scope and what effects this might have on their practice. Boud and Walker (1991) believe that people need to be able to learn from their experience in order to accept positions of responsibility. Seeing that nurses are taking on a more hands on approach, reflecting in clinical practice enables practitioners to increase self-awareness, initiative, proactivity and personal responsibility for learning and development. As Palmer et al (1994) points out, some times nurses have to make decisions in a patients best interest and may have to deviate from a protocol in some way. This is where Schons reflection in and on action would prove useful. This would show that practitioners are using evidence based clinical nursing to gain a higher standard of awareness of how to tend to the needs of the individual patient, empowering them to link their theory to practice through reflection. Bulman and Schutz (2004) believe to achieve a satisfactory out come from reflection, the skill of synthesis is highly significant. Synthesis enables clinical nurses, after reflection, to integrate new knowledge, feelings and attitudes with previous knowledge and to devise an action or outcome from their reflection. This may be an action plan, something that needs to change or stay the same. Synthesis involves making decisions based on new ideas but linking them to past beliefs and values. While reflection is perceived to play an important role in the development of effective clinical nursing, there is lack of evidence to prove that engaging in reflective practice actually changes or in any way benefits clinical nursing practice. Andrews et al. 1998) Improvement in clinical practice is clearly the aim of reflection, this is why authors such as Jordan (1988) and Boud et al (1985) have highlighted the need for evaluation strategies. Throughout this assignment it has been exposed that there are models available to guide practitioners through reflective practice. There has been an emphasis based on the need for criti cal analysis and the need for synthesis after reflection. Both of these are critical to reflective clinical practice to achieve satisfactory outcome. It has been brought to attention that Clinical practice has progressed over the years from a medically led, task orientated job, to an autonomous, reflective, proactive profession. The contribution of reflective practice has played a major part in this progression, as nurses are learning and building a wider knowledge base. Clinical nurses are there fore able to identify areas of strength and weakness within their practice through reflection and interventions can be made to ensure the highest levels of clinical nursing are being obtained. References Argyris, C. and Schon, D. (1974) Theory in Practice. Jossey Bass, San Francisco. Bishop, V and Scott, I (2001) Challenges in clinical practice: Professional developments in nursing. Palgrave. Basingstoke. Boud, D. , Keogh, R and Walker, D. (1985) Promoting reflection in learning: A model in reflection. Pg 19. Kogan Page. London. Boud, D. amp; Walker, D. (1991) Experience and Learning: Reflection at Work, Geelong, Victoria, Deakin University Book Production Unit. Bulman, C. and Schutz, S. (2004). Reflective practice in nursing. 3rd Edition. Blackwell Publishing. Oxford. Eraut, M. (1994) Developing professional knowledge and competence. Falmer Press. London. Hinchliff, S. M. , Norman, S. E. , Schober, J. E. (1993) Nursing practice and health care. 2nd Ed. Edward Arnold. London. Johns, C. (1995) Framing learning through reflection within Carper’s ways of knowing in nursing. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 22: 226-34 Johns, C. (2000) Becoming a reflective practitioner. A reflective a nd holistic approach to clinical nursing, practice development and clinical supervision. Blackwell Science. Oxford. Johns, C. (2002) Guided Reflection: Advancing Practice. Blackwell Publishing. Oxford. Jowett, s. , Peters, M. and Wilson-Barnett, J. (1999) The impact of scope – practitioners views on its relevance and potential for service development. Nursing Times Research. 4 (6): 422-31 Melosh, B. (1983). The Physicians Hand Work culture and conflict in American nursing. Philadelphia, Temple University Press, Palmer, A. Burns, S and Bulman, C (1994) Reflective practice in nursing: the growth of the professional practitioner. Blackwell scientific publications. Oxford. Schon, D. A. (1987) Educating the reflective practitioner. Jossey Bass, San Francisco. UKCC. (1992) The United Kingdom Central Council for Nursing. The Scope of Professional practice UKCC. London NHS. Teaching Primary Care Trust. NMC http://www. brentpct. nhs. uk/doxpixandgragix/NP03SCOPEOFPROFESSIONALNUR. pdf. Accessed 04/12/2007 UKCC. (2000) Nursing And Midwifery Council: Perceptions of the scope of Professional practice. http://www. nmc-uk. org/(xsnqskjdq2e5yg55qwq12555)/aFrameDisplay. aspx? DocumentID=659. Accessed 04/12/2007